本文是学习GB-T 7997-2014 硬质合金 维氏硬度试验方法. 而整理的学习笔记,分享出来希望更多人受益,如果存在侵权请及时联系我们
本标准规定了硬质合金维氏硬度的试验方法。
本标准适用于硬质合金维氏硬度的测定。
下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅注日期的版本适用于本文
件。凡是不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。
GB/T 3489 硬质合金 孔隙度和非化合碳的金相测定
GB/T 4340.2 金属材料 维氏硬度试验 第2部分:硬度计的校验与校准
GB/T 8170 数值修约规则与极限数值的表示和判定
将顶部两相对面具有规定角度的正四棱锥体金刚石压头用一定的试验力压入试样表面,保持规定
时间后,卸除试验力,测量试样表面压痕对角线长度,见图1。维氏硬度值与试验力除以压痕表面积的
商成正比,压痕被视为具有正方形基面并与压头角度相同的理想形状。
style="width:4.91321in;height:3.88674in" />
a) 维氏硬度压痕 b) 压头(金刚石锥体)
图 1 试验原理示意图
GB/T 7997—2014
表 1 符号、说明和单位
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4.2 维氏硬度用符号 HV 表示,HV 前面为硬度值,HV
后面表示试验力,单位为千克力(kgf)。 示例:
用30 kgf(294.2 N)试验力,测得的维氏硬度值为1500,表示为:1500HV30。
硬度计应符合GB/T 4340.2 的相关规定,能施加的试验力范围应为9.807
N~490.3 N(1 kgf~
压头应是具有正方形基面的金刚石锥体,并符合GB/T 4340.2 的相关规定。
用于测量压痕对角线长度的装置的测量精度应满足表2的要求:
表 2 测量装置的精度
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6.1 从试样表面去除的表层厚度应不小于0.2 mm。
6.2 试验面上应无外来污物,尤其不应有润滑剂;试样表面应按 GB/T3489
的制样方法进行制备。
6.3
在试样的制备过程中,应使由于过热或冷加工等因素对试样表面硬度的影响减至最小。
GB/T 7997—2014
6.4 制备后的试样厚度不得小于1 mm;
试样应具有足够的厚度,使在所选的试验力下进行试验时,试
样不发生破裂或变形。
6.5 当试验表面为曲面时,应在曲面上制备出一个平整面,再进行试验。
6.6
对于横截面小或形状不规则的试样,必须采取某些形式的附加支撑措施,例如镶在塑性材料中。
7.1
试验一般在10℃~35℃下进行,对于测量温度要求严格的试验,室温应为23℃±5℃。
7.2 试验力应在9.807 N(1 kgf)到490.3 N(50 kgf)范围内。推荐试验力为294.2
N(30 kgf)。
7.3
试样应稳固地放在刚性支撑台上,使其在试验过程中不发生移动。试验接触的表面,应该清洁且
无外来污物。
7.4
在没有冲击或振动的情况下,把压头垂直压入试样的试验面,直至施加的试验力达到规定的数值
为止。从加力开始至全部试验力施加完毕的时间应在2 s~8s,
试验力保持时间为10s~15 s。
7.5 在整个试验过程中,试验装置应避免冲撞和震动。
7.6 在一个试样上至少进行三次硬度测定。
7.7
从任何一个压痕的中心到试样边缘的距离不小于压痕对角线平均值的2.5倍。两个相邻压痕之
间的中心距离应不小于压痕对角线的平均值的3倍。如果两个相邻压痕尺寸不同,间隔应以大压痕对
角线的平均值为依据。
7.8
压头应经常校验保持良好状态。如果压痕形状不规则,可能表明压头损坏。经检查确实损坏,那
么此试验应作废,并且更换新压头。
7.9
测量压痕两条对角线的长度,并以这两个读数的算术平均值计算维氏硬度值或在附录
A 中查得 维氏硬度值。
7.10
在平面上压痕两对角线长度之差,应不超过对角线长度平均值的5%,如果超过5%,则应在试验
报告中注明。
记录所获得硬度值的算术平均值,应按GB/T 8170
中数值修约规则,将报出值修约至十位数。
试验报告应包括以下内容:
a) 本标准编号;
b) 辨别试样所必需的详细情况;
c) 测试结果;
d) 本标准未规定的或自选的一切操作;
e) 有可能影响结果的任何现象的细节。
GB/T 7997—2014
(资料性附录)
硬质合金维氏硬度值(HV) 表
表A.1~表 A.7 分别给出了9.807 N(1 kgf)、29.42 N(3 kgf)、49.03 N(5
kgf)、98.07 N(10 kgf)、 196.1 N(20 kgf)、294.2 N(30 kgf)、490.3 N(50
kgf)试验力下压痕对角线平均值与其对应的维氏硬 度值。
表 A.1 试验力 F 为9.807 N(1kgf)
压痕对角线平均值与其对应的维氏硬度值
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GB/T 7997—2014
表 A.2 试验力 F 为29.42 N(3kgf)
压痕对角线平均值与其对应的维氏硬度值
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GB/T 7997—2014
表 A.3 试验力 F 为49.03 N(5
kgf)压痕对角线平均值与其对应的维氏硬度值
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GB/T 7997—2014
表 A.4 试验力 F 为98.07 N(10 kgf)
压痕对角线平均值与其对应的维氏硬度值
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GB/T 7997—2014
表 A.5 试验力 F 为196.1 N(20
kgf)压痕对角线平均值与其对应的维氏硬度值
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GB/T 7997—2014
表 A.6 试验力 F 为294.2 N(30
kgf)压痕对角线平均值与其对应的维氏硬度值
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GB/T 7997—2014
表 A.7 试验力 F 为490.3 N(50 kgf)
压痕对角线平均值与其对应的维氏硬度值
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更多内容 可以 GB-T 7997-2014 硬质合金 维氏硬度试验方法. 进一步学习